Bone marrow transplant (BMT), also known as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, is a complex procedure used to treat various haematological and non-haematological conditions. While BMT offers a chance for patients to recover from their illnesses, it can also lead to a few side effects on oral health. Dental assessment and proper oral care play a crucial role in the overall well-being and successful outcomes of BMT patients. This article aims to explore the importance of dental assessment for BMT patients and highlight key considerations in managing their oral health.
Understanding the Impact of BMT on Oral Health
Bone marrow transplant procedures can have significant effects on oral health due to the intensive conditioning regimens, immune suppression, and potential but rare, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). These factors can lead to oral complications such as mucositis, xerostomia (dry mouth), infections, dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral mucosal lesions. Dental assessment before BMT helps identify and manage existing oral health issues to minimise potential complications.
Pre-BMT Dental Evaluation
Before undergoing BMT, patients should undergo a comprehensive dental evaluation. This evaluation involves a thorough examination of the oral cavity, including teeth, gums, soft tissues, and salivary glands. Dental X-rays may be taken to detect hidden dental infections, periodontal disease, or impacted teeth that may cause problems during or after the transplant procedure. Any necessary dental treatments, such as extractions or root canal procedures, should be completed before BMT to reduce the risk of complications.
Management of Oral Complications
During the BMT process, patients are susceptible to oral complications due to immunosuppression and mucosal damage caused by conditioning regimens. Regular dental assessments during this period are essential for early detection and management of potential oral complications. Dental professionals can provide preventive measures, oral hygiene instructions, and prescribe medications to alleviate symptoms such as pain or infections. Collaboration between the dental team and the haematologist/oncologist is crucial for optimal patient care.
Post-BMT Oral Care
After the bone marrow transplant, patients may continue to experience oral complications or develop new ones. Close monitoring and ongoing dental assessments are necessary to address any emerging oral health issues. The management of chronic GVHD is of particular concern, as it can lead to oral mucosal changes, dry mouth, and increased risk of infections. Regular dental cleanings, fluoride treatments, and oral hygiene instructions are essential to maintain oral health and prevent complications.
Oral Health Education and Support
At Shankara, our dental team provides tailored oral health education and support for BMT patients. This includes proper oral hygiene techniques, dietary recommendations, and strategies to manage dry mouth. Patients should be encouraged to maintain regular dental visits and promptly report any oral symptoms or concerns. Collaboration between the dental team, oncologists, and haematologists can help ensure comprehensive care and improve the quality of life for BMT patients.
Conclusion
Dental assessment and management of oral health are vital components of the multidisciplinary care provided to bone marrow transplant patients. Through comprehensive pre-BMT evaluations, effective management of oral complications during and after the transplant process, and ongoing post-BMT care, dental professionals can play a crucial role in maintaining optimal oral health and enhancing the overall well-being of BMT patients. By prioritising oral health, healthcare providers can contribute to improved treatment outcomes and enhance the patient's quality of life throughout their recovery journey.
Our Expert Teams
Head & Neck Oncology
- Dr. Sudha Sah, Dental Specialist, Head & Neck Oncology, Shankara Cancer Hospitals, Bangalore
- Dr. Karthik N. Rao, HoD & Consultant, Head & Neck Oncology, Shankara Cancer Hospitals, Bangalore
- Dr. Sreeram M. P., Consultant, Head & Neck Oncology, Shankara Cancer Hospitals, Bangalore
- Dr. Girish Rao, Consultant, Head & Neck Oncology, Shankara Cancer Hospitals, Bangalore
- Dr. Sainath J. V., Consultant, Head & Neck Oncology, Shankara Cancer Hospitals, Bangalore
- Dr. Nanjundappa, Consultant, Head & Neck Oncology, Shankara Cancer Hospitals, Bangalore
- Dr. Subramanya Rao, Consultant, Head & Neck Oncology, Shankara Cancer Hospitals, Bangalore
- Dr. Ghanashyam Mandal, Consultant, Head & Neck Oncology, Shankara Cancer Hospitals, Bhubaneswar
- Dr. Mahesh Sultania, HoD & Consultant, Head & Neck Oncology, Shankara Cancer Hospitals, Bhubaneswar
- Dr. Vaibhav Singh, Consultant, Head & Neck Oncology, Shankara Cancer Hospitals, Bhubaneswar
Haematology & Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Dr. Karthik R. G., Consultant, Haemato-Oncology & BMT, Shankara Cancer Hospitals, Bangalore
- Dr. Apoorva Balachandran, Registrar, Haemato-Oncology & BMT, Shankara Cancer Hospitals, Bangalore
- Dr. Satarupa Mohapatra, Junior Consultant, Haemato-Oncology & BMT, Shankara Cancer Hospitals, Bhubaneswar
Pharmacology
- Dr. Manasa C, HoD & Consultant, Clinical Pharmacology, Shankara Cancer Hospitals, Bangalore
- Dr. Soumitra Roy Chowdhury, Clinical Pharmacologist, Shankara Cancer Hospitals, Bhubaneswar
